From The Shambhala Times, 1-25-21
The Times Editorial team has received requests for this excellent dharma teaching, written by the late Shastri Russell Rodgers in 2017. We’ve shared it here, in advance of the 2021 Dön season, which begins February 1st.
If you would like more practice opportunities connected to Dön season this year, Shambhala Global Services and Shambhala Online are introducing a line-up of “Shambhala New Year Programming” that will occur in the dön season days before Shambhala Day from February 1-10. This free online programming will feature daily talks by senior teachers in our community about the different protectors in our tradition and the history and tradition of the mamos chants, and will be followed by group recitations of the mamos chants. Please click here to visit the 2021 Dön Season website and to find out more about these daily offerings during dön season.
In the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, there is a period before the
Tibetan New Year in the late winter/early spring when accumulated karma
comes to fruition and societal obstacles arise. This year, between
February 16 – 25, we will do “Mamo Practice” to purify obstacles of the
old year. Then, on Shambhala Day, February 27, we can start afresh with
the new year.
At this time, when we look around the world, there seems to be no
relief from suffering and no escape from the karmic baggage we humans
have created. On a personal level, accidents, sickness and general bad
luck tend to be on our minds. From an ordinary, non-Buddhist point of
view, we could say that we have survived the winter solstice but the
harshness and darkness of winter are still dragging on. The fresh
promise of spring and bliss of summer have not yet arisen. Sakyong
Mipham Rinpoche has requested that all Shambhala Centres perform a
pacification of obstacles practice during the period before Shambhala
Day. [Lunar New Year, 2-12-21}
At this time, when we look around the world, there seems to be no relief from suffering and no escape from the karmic baggage we humans have created. On a personal level, accidents, sickness and general bad luck tend to be on our minds. From an ordinary, non-Buddhist point of view, we could say that we have survived the winter solstice but the harshness and darkness of winter are still dragging on. The fresh promise of spring and bliss of summer have not yet arisen. Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche has requested that all Shambhala Centres perform a pacification of obstacles practice during the period before Shambhala Day. [2-12-2-21]
This time of obstacles is known as the “dön season.” Döns are negative forces that arise out of the environment, causing humans to do things that are self-destructive and mindless. This could take the form of sudden fits of anger or madness, or making bad decisions that will lead to misfortune. Döns produce sudden, unexpected neurotic upheavals. Car problems, colds or flu could be considered döns. On a personal level, the best protection against döns is increasing one’s mindfulness. Therefore, this season is an especially good time for meditation practice.
“Mamos” are another source of obstacles during this period. They are symbolized in the form of deities called dakinis. Mamos are mostly a worldly variety of dakini, unenlightened aspects of the feminine principle. (Mamos can be enlightened, however, like Ekajati.) In Tibetan Buddhism, insight or prajna, possessed by both men and women, is seen as an aspect of the feminine principle. Mamos become enraged when people lose touch with their own intelligence, and therefore with reality. Mamos cause large-scale problems: fighting and civil discord, famines, plagues, and environmental calamities. In the mamo chant, it says that they “incite cosmic warfare.”
Tibetans depict mamos as fierce and ugly demonesses, black in color,
with emaciated breasts and matted hair. They appear with sacks full of
diseases. They cause havoc with a roll of their magical dice, creating
pestilence and warfare. They are associated with the karmic consequences
of degraded personal or societal actions. Their enraged response might
be in proportion to the karma accumulated, but it could also be
unpredictable and completely out of proportion. Similarly, we know that
there have been many cases where small provocations have produced great
wars.
Mamo image
Many mamos were tamed, or at least partially tamed, by Padmasambhava, a great adept of the eighth century. Tibetans call him the “Second Buddha.” According to the legend, when he encountered mamos manifesting in the form of various natural and cultural obstacles on his way through Tibet, he overcame them and bound them by oath (samaya) to protect the dharma.
What does this mean now, in the West? In tantric Buddhism, obstacles arise when we lose insight, and those very obstacles, in the form of döns and mamos, remind us to increase our mindfulness and awareness.
If we are able to remember and invoke some of Padmasambhava’s pure vision with respect to obstacles, the wrathful activity of the mamos becomes tamed as part the path. It helps to know that mamos and döns are actually inseparable from our own minds—which is what makes the taming possible. Giving them names and personalities just enables us to tune into their energy.
In Tibetan monasteries, for several days preceding the New Year, monks do ceremonies, all day and through the night, invoking protectors and wrathful deities to clear obstacles. At the end of this period, the karmic baggage from the old year is symbolically concentrated into a giant sculpture, which the monks burn to the accompaniment of firecrackers, horns, cymbals, chanting, lama dancing and drums. After the practice ends, there is a “neutral” day where one cleans one’s house to expunge the unwanted traces of the old year. Then, on the first day of New Year, one visits one’s guru, and on subsequent days people visit each other in their homes and there is general feasting and celebration. There is a strong sense of a fresh beginning.
In our community, we also do intensive practice, including the mamo practice, during the ten-day dön season. Neutral day, the day before Shambhala Day, is when we do our yearly deep cleaning at our centers, and also in our homes. On Shambhala Day itself, rather than visit the lama at our nonexistent village monastery, the lama comes to us in the form of a live broadcast from Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche in the morning. Celebrations follow throughout the day.
Padmasambhava subjugating a naga king, Nele Thokar.
The mamo practice begins by chanting the Seven Line Supplication to Padmasambhava. We ask him to please approach and grant his blessings. We do this to establish some sense of presence of Padmasambhava’s ability to see through what may look to us like “bad energy.” Following this, we do some protector chants accompanied by a drum. Protectors symbolize feedback from reality, the constant arising of coincidence that shapes our lives.
Next, vajrayana practitioners do a Vajrakilaya practice, just as Padmasambhava did before going to Tibet. Vajrakilaya is dark green and surrounded by flames of wrathful compassion. This is not “feel-good” compassion, but the fiery quality of uncompromising destruction of egoistic tendencies. These are tendencies that may seem familiar and comforting in the short run, but will inevitably produce alienation and suffering in the future. Vajrayana practitioners do this practice in order to identify with wrathful compassion.
Shamatha students can tune into wrathful compassion by seeing thoughts as thoughts in a direct and uncompromising way. The compassionate aspect is that we acknowledge their underlying energy and their right to be there, even as we allow the story line to dissolve into space.
But why would we do such a practice? In our culture we may occasionally feel “hounded” by misfortune, but we do not, except perhaps jokingly, attribute it to agents like mamos, gremlins, or döns. These concepts are foreign. Let’s digress for a few paragraphs to talk about what we are being hounded by, and why we might do this practice in the first place.
Ekajati: Queen of the Mamos, thangka painting by Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche
As always, with protectors, döns, mamos, and other deities, one can see them as external to oneself, or as aspects of one’s own mind. If you contemplate for a few minutes, you will realize that both the sense of self and the sense of an external “other” are interpretations in the mind. As you read these words, the paper or the computer screen probably seems to exist outside you, but they are actually images in your mind. You may think that these images are faithfully assembled from electric impulses traveling down your optic nerves, but the idea of electric impulses and nerves is, again, a thought in your mind. So, not only do the labels and interpretations of phenomena reside in our minds, but the actual experience seeing an appearance does as well. So appearance and mind are the same. Obviously this has implications for the sense of being “hounded.” It also means that by doing rituals that are directed outward, towards mamos and döns, we are also working on our own minds. As we pacify one, we pacify the other.
In rituals like this, we practice awareness of the words as we say them, knowing that the words are just words. This is similar to the experience of thoughts vanishing into emptiness when we see them in meditation. At the same time, we allow the words to create a path of meaning that we can explore. At the end, we rest in the wordless dimension of this meaning. This is now our point of contact with reality.
After the protector chants and the Vajrakilaya practice, we get into the heart of the mamo practice with the main chant of this practice, entitled “Pacifying the Turmoil of the Mamos.” Here, we remember that the mamos become active when people, especially practitioners, forget the ground of basic goodness, the sacredness of all phenomena, and act in a degraded way. Enraged by this, the mamos express their legendary wrath. This wrath arises not from personal insult or violation, but from our own improper relationship to life.
The entire chanting session, perhaps an hour long or more, is a contemplation of cause and effect, of wrathful compassion and awareness. It’s also a contemplation of a kind of sacred outlook that restores balance in the world. By leaning into the message of the mamos, we pacify them and also their effect on us. The entire chant ends with the Vajrasattva mantra of primordial purity.
Russell Rodgers has
been wondering about this kind of topic for the 39 years that he has
been practicing. He resides in the Kootenay mountains of British
Columbia, in the town of Nelson, and has graciously agreed to allow
publication of his beautiful essays on the Shambhala chants here in the
Times.
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